Lead-tin yellow light (type I) is an artificial pigment made by heating lead and tin oxide together and frequently occurs in European painting before the 18th century.
Pigment Names | |
Current Names: | English: lead-tin yellow French: jaune de plomb étain German: Blei-Zinn Gelb Italian: giallo di piombo-stagno Spanish: amarillo de plomo-estano |
Origin and History
Lead-tin yellow frequently occurs in European painting before the 18th century. The earliest recipes for a yellow pigment from lead and tin was found in the Bolognese manuscript from the first half of the fifteenth century. Old Italian manuscripts make reference to a pigment of pale yellow color called giallolino or giallorino while northern manuscripts use the term massicot (which now designates yellow lead oxide) to describe a pigment prepared from lead and tin.
Source
There are, in fact, two types of lead-tin yellow, designated as types I and II. Type I is lead-tin oxide and is most frequently found on old paintings. Type II is a second variety of lead-tin oxide that may contain free tin oxide and additional silicon. Possibly both types were used as opacifiers in ancient glasses. Lead-tin yellow (type I) is prepared by heating in a crucible a mixture of lead dioxide and tin dioxide to a temperature of about 800° C. Warmer hues of yellow appear at lower temperatures and at about 700–800° C, the more lemon-colored hues develop.
Permanence and Compatibility
Lead-tin yellow is not affected by light and is stable under normal atmosphere. On paintings, lead-tin yellow (type I) has been found mixed with lead white, vermilion, yellow lakes, ochres, verdigris, indigo and azurite.
Oil Absorption and Grinding
Lead-tin yellow a small amount of oil (16 g oil per 100 g of pigment). It is a fast dryer in oil paint and forms an excellent film.
Toxicity
Lead-tin yellow contains lead and is poisonous. Utmost care should be used in handling the dry powder pigment to avoid inhaling the dust.
Pigment: Lead-Tin Yellow Light (Type I)
Pigment Information | |
Color: | Yellow |
Colour Index: | - |
Chemical Name: | Lead-Tin Oxide |
Chemical Formula: | Pb2SnO4 |
ASTM Lightfastness Rating | |
Acrylic: | Not Tested |
Oil: | Not Tested |
Watercolor: | Not Tested |
Properties | |
Specific Gravity: | |
Hardness: | |
Refractive Index: | |
Oil Absorption: | 16.74 g oil/100 g pigment |